ECONOMICS

No último andar de um luxuoso prédio de escritórios no centro financeiro de Lisboa, a CEO de uma das maiores empresas portuguesa de energia, a Sra. G.H., estava prestes a começar uma reunião do Conselho de Acionistas. G.H. estava ansiosa para convencer o Conselho a investir em linhas de transmissão no Brasil, mas sabia que isso não seria uma tarefa fácil. O Brasil tinha uma história econômica marcada pela instabilidade e a regulamentação do setor elétrico era recente e alvo constante de críticas. O retorno estimado nos investimentos em transmissão de energia não era excepcional para o risco do país. O financiamento e a composição do consórcio podiam melhorá-lo e era esse a tese que G.H. estava prestes a defender. Ela precisaria de muita ousadia e criatividade.

As we confront the current environmental crisis, determining the biophysical base (e.g., materials, energy,land, and water) of nations has become paramount. With advanced economies benefiting from the importof resource-intensive primary goods originating from poorer parts of the world, especially emergingnations, these are dilapidating their natural capital. Brazil is one of such emerging economies, whosemining and farming activities, propping up its export-led economic growth, exert great pressure on theenvironment. In particular, farming has been shown to have one of the world’s greatest environmentalimpacts, especially as a consequence of land use associated with cattle ranching. Since a nation-wideevaluation of land-use types across the whole sectorial spectrum of the country’s economy is still lacking,we used the most recently available Input–Output Economic Model for Brazil and the Ecological Footprintmethod to identify those economic sectors with the greatest potential for appropriating portions of thenatural world.Our results show that: (i) the biggest chunk of Brazil’s Ecological Footprint is due to its Carbon Footprintand, in particular, emissions from cattle; (ii) only a few economic sectors exhibit high Ecological Footprintvalues, chiefly those belonging to livestock farming and energy production based on fossil fuels; (iii)excluding the soybeans and slaughter sectors, export-oriented sectors have below-average EcologicalFootprint values; and (iv) the percentage of Brazil’s Ecological Footprint due to household consumption(excluding imports) is three times bigger than that attributable to exports, with sectors belonging tolivestock farming contributing the most to such disparity.These results underscore that the environmental impact of the Brazilian economy can be drasticallyreduced by tackling the emission-intensive production processes of a few sectors only and disincentiviz-ing the domestic consumption of a narrow range of products, especially with respect to the livestock segment.

O estado de Mato Grosso vem apresentando expressivas taxas de crescimento econômico nos
últimos anos, de modo que a utilização da matriz insumo-produto, como estratégia de política econômica,
representaria não somente a busca da manutenção desse crescimento econômico, mas a preocupação de que
o mesmo se traduza em desenvolvimento sócio-econômico. Assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo geral a
apresentação das notas metodológicas de construção da matriz insumo-produto para o Mato Grosso,
acompanhadas de uma análise geral da estrutura produtiva da economia do estado. Os principais métodos de
análise utilizados no estudo foram os índices de ligações inter-setoriais, bem como os multiplicadores de
emprego, renda e produção. Os resultados empíricos confirmaram a importância dos setores primários em
termos de suas relações comerciais com as demais atividades, como forma de estimular o aquecimento da
economia. Finalmente, através da análise dos multiplicadores, foi possível identificar a importância de diversos
setores relacionados ao agronegócio, no que diz respeito às suas capacidades de geração direta e indireta de
emprego e renda na economia.
Palavras-chave: Matriz insumo-produto, indicadores econômicos, Mato Grosso

In assessing the economic impact of a sector or group of sectors on a single or multiregional economy, input-output analysis has proven to be a popular method. . However, there has a problem in displaying all the information that can be obtained from this analytical approach. In this paper, we have tried to set new directions in the use of input-output analysis by presenting an improved way of looking at the economic landscapes. While this is not a new concept, a new meaning is explored in this paper; essentially, it will now be possible to visualize, in a simple picture, all the relations in the economy as well as being able to view how one sector is related to the other sectors/regions in the economy. These relations can be measured in terms of structural changes, production, value added, employment, imports, etc. While all the possibilities cannot be explored in this paper, the basic idea is given here and the smart reader can uncover all the various possibilities. To illustrate ...

The aim of this paper is to carry out a study of the importance of the Brazilian automotive industry through the analysis of fuzzy clusters. The main results stress the importance of automotive economic activities located in Sao Paulo and in the South of Brazil, and the diversification of the productive process in the Brazilian economy with less dependence on the automotive sector for its growth. The results also suggest that, from the nineties onwards, with the opening of the Brazilian economy to international commerce, the productive relationships between domestic clusters have become more fragile. Moreover, the results reveal the relatively greater importance of components and other vehicle-related industries in Sao Paulo as a supplier of components for the maintenance of the auto fleet in the Brazilian economy. In addition, it reveals the importance of suppliers for the automotive complex, such as metallurgy, steel, plastics, and electronic components.RESUME. En este estudio se ...

Using input–output tables for the economies of Brazil and the United States, this comparative study focuses on changes in the economic structure of two large countries with different levels of development over time (1958–1977 for the United States and 1959– ...

From the late 1980s onward, the Brazilian automotive industry has undergone significant change as it has embraced trade liberalization and growing inward FDI. Using an inter-regional input-output model, this paper analyses the evolution of the industry from a spatial perspective. It is shown that new investment has resulted in a more dispersed locational framework for the industry. However, not all